BIBLIOGRAPHY

The articles below describe the use of Applied Geomechanics tiltmeters and/or tiltmeter technology in a variety of applications. All of these articles are available through AGI for a nominal charge of $3.00 each. We will send your article(s) via first class mail for USA addresses or airmail for international adresses.

References are grouped by the following sections:

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Bridges and Structural Engineering
  1. Aggour, M.S., and H.M. Fouad, "Use of NDT for Monitoring the Performance of Concrete Bridges," Structural Materials Technology Conference, Atlantic City, New Jersey, February 23-25, 1994.
  2. Holzhausen, G.R. and H.N. Egan, "Evaluating Structures Using Tilt (Rotation) Measurements," Proceedings, 1991 Sensors Expo West, pp. 101C 1-4, San Jose, California.
  3. "Meter Helps Rescuers Keep Level Heads After Roof Collapse," Civil Engineering Magazine, American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), New York, August 1996. 4. Korean News Video Tape, "Sampoong Department Store Collapse" Seoul, Korea, 1995.
  4. Holzhausen, G.R., "Tiltmeter Monitoring of Three Unique Bridges: Golden Gate, Seattle Swing and Parrotts Ferry," 9th Annual International Bridge Conference, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, June 15-17, 1992.

Dams
  1. Deinum, P.J., "The Use of Tiltmeters for Measuring Arch Dam Displacements," Water Power & Dam Construction, June 1987.
  2. Fairweather, V., "Long Distance Dam Data," Civil Engineering Magazine, American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), New York, pp. 60-63, Sept. 1988.
  3. Holzhausen, G.R., "Low-Cost, Automated Detection of Precursors to Dam Failure: Coolidge Dam, Arizona," Proceedings, 8th Annual Conference, Association of State Dam Safety Officials, San Diego, California, September 28-October 2, 1991.
  4. "Tiltmeters Provide New Measure of Stability," ASCE Civil Engineering Magazine, January 1990.
  5. Lagassa, G., "Hydroelectric Monitoring In The 1990s," Independent Energy, May/June 1990.
  6. St. Lawrence, W., and I. Ogi, "Automated Monitoring of Deformation of a Thin-Arch Dam: Boundary Dam, Washington," Association of State Dam Safety Officials (ASDSO) Western Regional Conference, Incline Village, Nevada, April 14-16, 1996.

Geotechnical Engineering, Mining and Engineering Geology
  1. Anderson, T.C., T. Licari, J.E. Reinfurt and P.Reitz, "Temporary Shoring Support Systems in an Urban Environment," Presented at Serviceability of Earth Retaining Structures Conference, American Society of Civil Engineers, Atlanta, Georgia, Geotechnical Special Publication No. 42, October 9-13, 1994.
  2. Burland, J.B., "Monitoring the Foundations of the Leaning Tower of Pisa," Instrumentation in Geotechnical Engineering, Proceedings of the seminar organized by the Geotechnical Division of the Hong Kong Institution of Engineers, May 10, 1995.
  3. Egan, H., G.R. Holzhausen and D. Sampson, "Site Qualification for Inclinometer Surveying Using Tiltmeters," Presented at Stability and Performance of Slopes and Embankments-II Conference, Berkeley, California, June 29 - July 1, 1992.
  4. Haneberg, W.C., R.L. Friesen, "Tilts, Strains, and Ground Water Levels Near an Earth Fissure in the Mimbres Basin, New Mexico," GSA Bulletin, vol. 107, no. 3, pp. 316-326, March 1995.
  5. Holzhausen, G.R., "Slope Stability Monitoring in the Digital Age," Proceeding 35th Annual Highway Geology Symposium and Field Trip, San Jose, California, August 15-17, 1984.
  6. Holzhausen, G.R., "Tiltmeters Keep San Diego Church on Firm Footing," Civil Engineering Magazine, April 1991.
  7. Rebscher, D., "Nachweis von In-situ Bodenverformungen Gravitativen und Vegetativen Ursprungs Mittels Neigungsmessungen in Bonn-Ippendorf," Ph.D Dissertation, Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhems-University, 1996.
  8. Tofani, G. and F. Horath, "Continuous Tiltmeter Monitoring to Identify Ground Deformation Mechanisms," Geotechnical News, June 1990.
  9. Walker, J.S. and J.C. LaScola, "Foundation Response to Subsidence-Induced Ground Movements: A Case Study," United States Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, Report of Investigations 9224, 1989 .

Hydraulic-Fracture Mapping and Ground Deformation
  1. Branagan, P.T., N.R. Warpinski, B. Engler and R. Wilmer, "Measuring the Hydraulic Fracture-Induced Deformation of Reservoirs and Adjacent Rocks Employing a Deeply Buried Inclinometer Array: GRI/DOE Mult-Site Project," Society of Petroleum Engineers Annual Technical Conference, Denver, Colorado, October 6-9, 1996.
  2. Evans, K., "On the Development of Shallow Hydraulic Fractures as Seen Through the Surface Deformation Field: Part 1 - ," Journal of Petroleum Tech, pp 406-410, Feb. 1983.
  3. Evans, K. and G.R. Holzhausen, "On the Development of Shallow Hydraulic Fractures as Seen Through the Surface Deformation Field: Part 2 - Case Histories," Journal of Petroleum Tech., pp. 411-420, Feb. 1983.
  4. Evans, K., G.R. Holzhausen, and M.D. Wood, "The Geometry of a Large-Scale Nitrogen Gas Hydraulic Fracture Formed in Devonian Shale: an Example of Fracture Mapping with Tiltmeters," Soc. Of Petr. Engineers Jour., pp. 755-763, October 1982.
  5. Holzhausen, G.R., S. Stow, S. Haase, and G. Gazonas, "Hydraulic-Fracture Growth in Anisotropic Dipping Strata as Viewed Through the Surface Deformation Field," 26th U.S. Symposium on Rock Mechanics, Rapid City, South Dakota, June 26-28, 1985.
  6. Holzhausen, G.R., C.C. Card, J.M. Raisbeck, and T.L. Dobecki, "Hydraulic Fracture Growth During Steam Stimulation in a Single-Well Test," SPE 13619, California Regional Meeting, Society of Petroleum Engineers, Bakersfield, March 27-29, 1985.
  7. Kuempel, H.J., P. Varga, K. Lehmann and G. Mentes, "Ground Tilt Induced by Pumping - Preliminary Results from the Nagycenk Test Site, Hungary," Acta. Geod. Geoph. Hung., Vol. 31 (1-2), pp. 67-78, 1996.
  8. Kuempel, H.J.;In-Situ Deformation Measurements for Evaluation of Hydraulic Rock Parameters, 30th International Geology Congress, Vol. 23 p. 481-487, 1997.
  9. Lacy, L.L., "Comparison of Hydraulic Fracture Orientation Techniques," Society of Petroleum Engineers 59th Annual Technical Conference, Houston, Texas, September 16-19, 1984.
  10. Warpinski, N.R., "Hydraulic Fracture Diagnostics," Journal of Petroleum Technology, October 1996.
  11. Vasco, D.W., K. Karaski and L. Myer;Monitoring of Fluid Injection and Soil Consolidation Using Surface Tilt Measurements, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Vol. 1124, No. 1, pp. 29-37, Jan. 1998.

Lightning Protection
  1. Schmidt, K., "Reducing Lightning Damage to Sensors," Sensors, pp. 44-47, January, 1997.

Marine Sciences
  1. Avera, W.E., D. Fraley and D. Byman, "Seafloor Magnetometer System for Shallow Shelf Areas," Sea Technology, June 1992. 2. Czipott, P.V., M.D. Levine, C.A. Paulson, D. Menemenlis, D.M. Farmer and R.G. Williams, "Ice Flexure Forced by Internal Wave Packets in the Artic Ocean," Science, Volume 254, pp. 832-835, November 8, 1991.

Physics, Astronomy and Motion Control
  1. Hairfield, H.D. and C.G. Kirkpatrick, "Application of the Autonetics Biaxial Tiltmeter to Error Correction in Radar and Optical Tracker Axes," Military Electronics Defence Expo '76, Wiesbaden, Germany, October 6-8, 1976. 2. Holzhausen, G.R., "Using Tilt to Measure Displacement," Measurements & Control, September 1993.
  2. Kibrick, R., L. Robinson and D. Cowley, "An evaluation of precision tilt-sensors for measuring telescope position," Presented at Telescope Control Systems, SPIE 1995 Symposium on OE/Aerospace Sensing and Dual Use Photonics, Orlando, Florida, April 17-21, 1995.
  3. Muhlrath, J., "Geratetechnische Untersuchung verschiedener elektronischer Neigungsmesser," Diplomarbeit, Universitat Hannover Geodatisches Institut, 1993.

Seismology, Tectonics and Geomagnetics
  1. Blick, G.H., S.A.L. Read, C.C. Tinker and D.P. Watkins, "Some Experiences with Bubble Tiltmeters Used for Monitoring Tectonic Deformation in the Mackenzie Basin, South Island, New Zealand," New Zealand Geological Survey Record 44: 77-82, 1992.
  2. Haak, H.W., "Tiltmeting:een alternatief voor waterpassing?," Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut, Technisch rapport TR-192, 1996.
  3. Miller, W.F., R.J. Geller and S. Stein, "Use of a bubble tiltmeter as a horizontal seismometer," Geophys. J.R. astr. Soc. (1978) 54, 661-668.
  4. Nichols, E.A. and H.F. Morrison, "Signals and Noise in Measurements of Low-Frequency Geomagnetic Fields," Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 93, No. B11, Pages 13,743-13,754, November 10, 1988.

Volcano Monitoring
  1. Etna, Sicily, Italy (37.73°N, 15.00°E), Smithsonian Institution, Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network, Volume 17, No. 2, February 29, 1992.
  2. Galeras, S Colombia (1.22°N, 77.37°W), Smithsonian Institution, Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network, Volume 05, May 31, 1992.
  3. Piton de la Fournaise, Reunion Island, Indian Ocean (21.23°S, 55.71°E), Smithsonian Institution, Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network, Volume 21, No. 12, December 1996.
  4. Bonaccorso, A., "Dynamic inversion of ground deformation data for modelling volcanic sources (Etna 1991 - 93)," Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 23, No. 5, pp. 451-454, March 1, 1996.
  5. Bonaccorso, A., F. Ferrucci, D. Patane and L. Villari, "Fast deformation processes and eruptive activity at Mount Etna (Italy)," Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 101, No. B8, pp. 17,467-17,480, August 10, 1996.
  6. Bonaccorso, A., G. Falzone, S. Gambino and L. Villari, "Tilt Signals Recorded at Mt. Melbourne Volcano (Northern Victoria Land, Antartica) between 1989 and 1994," Terra Antartica, 2(2), pp. 111-116, 1995.
  7. Holzhausen, G.R., "Bubble-Tilt Sensors Monitor Activity on Mount St. Helens," Sensors Magazine, May 1989.
  8. Oikawa, J., Y. Ida, K. Yamaoka, H. Watanabe, E. Fukuyama and K. Sato, "Ground Deformation Associated with Volcanic Tremor at Izu-Oshima Volcano," Geophysical Research Letters, Vol.18, No. 3, pp. 443-446, March 1991.
  9. Pinatubo Volcano Observatory Team, "Lessons from a Major Eruption: Mt. Pinatubo, Philippines," EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, Volume 72, Number 49, December 3, 1991.